Derrick



J. W. KITTREDGE.

DERRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY '15. 1918.

1,384,960.. Patented y 19, 1921 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

858 IIVI/E/VTOR J. W. KITTREDGE.

DERRICK.

. APPLICATION FILED MAY I5, 1918.

1,384,960. Patented July 19, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W1 55 lnuenforr J. W. KITTREDGE.

DERRICK.

APPLICATION FILED MAYIS, 1918.

1,384,960. Patented July 19,1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

starts FMQE.

DERRICK.

Application filed. May 15,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JonN W. Kirrnnnon, a citizen of the United States, residing in Akron, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Derrick, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to derricks of the mast and boom type, to cranes and dredges in which the boom is held to an tframe or headfra-me, and to similar classes of machinery. This application has particular reference to the means for swinging the boom. The hoisting means are described in my co-pending application, Serial No. 66,996.

The objects of my improvement are To provide a mechanism small and compact; to have few and simple working parts and those inclosed and protected from injury; to have the mechanism integral with the derrick, moving as the derrick moves, and in a position from which the operator can watch the load he is moving.

To provide a reducing motion for driving the boom at appropriate low speeds from the comparatively high speed of the ordinary electric motor.

To automatically put the boom at rest, but to readily swing it and reverse it to the opposite direction, from amotor running in one direction only.

To provide a variable speed, enabling the operator to place a heavy load slowly with great care, but to swing rapidly when care is not essential.

To provide a safety slip, allowing the parts to slip rather than break when the power is thrown on suddenly and to provide a lock holding the boom securely in position when the power is 0E.

To provide a joint between the mast and its base castings, permitting the mast to move slightly from the vertical under the action of the wind or other forces.

To have all movements of the boom controlled by few and simple operations on the part of the operator.

I attain these objects by the mechanism herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which,Figure 1 is a general view of the apparatus complete. Fig. 2 is a'vertical section. The right half of Fig. 3 is an elevation and the left half is a vertical section, both looking in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2. The left Specification of Letters Patent. m m J 19 192] 1918. Serial No. 234,597.

half of Fig. at is a horizontal quarter sectlon on line AA of Fig. 3; and the right half of Fig. 4c is a horizontal quarter section on line B-B of Fig. 3.

A given numeral designates the same part throughout the several views.

The base castings 1 and 2 are bolted together and to the angle irons 8 by the bolts {1; and the sills 5 are also bolted to the angle rons. In soft ground, the angle irons sink in and prevent the base from turning, and the sills prevent its sinking too deep. The exterior of casting l is spherical and castng 6 rests on it forming a ball and socket oint. The mast 7 is preferably of structural steel and is built up from the casting 6. It can be secured at the top by guy ropes 7 or stiff legs as is customary with ordinary derricks. The boom 8 is attached by tap screws or other suitable means to the bosses 10 and 11 on the casting 6, and is attached at its outer end to the top of the mast by ropes or cables 9. Any suitable power unit may drive the mechanism, as the motor 38 secured to the mast by any suitable means. The shaft 12 runs in bearings 13 and 1 1 which are secured to the casting 6. It is run by any suitable connection with the power unit, as the belt 15 and the pulleys 16 and 17. The pulley 17 carries a feather key 18. The shaft 12 is slidable longitudinally in the pulley and in its bearings and is actuated by the lever 19. The pulley 17 is held in place by the tongue and groove 20. The friction roll 51 is rigidly attached to the shaft 12. Below the roll 51 is the friction disk 52. It is rigidly attached to the shaft 53 which runs in a bear.- ing- 53 in the casting. 6. The spring 54 tends to force theshaft and friction disk upward, but they are limited in their up ward movement by the pinion 55 which is secured to the bottom of the shaft by the pin 35.

. In the neutral position of the friction roll 51, it is not in contact with the friction disk 52. As the roll is moved to the right by the shaft 12 and lever 19, the small end of the roll comes in contactwith the outer part ofthe disk and the. roll drives the'disk through friction. As the roll is moved farther to the right, the point of contact approaches the center of the disk and friction roll, increasing the radius of the driving member and decreasing the radius of the driven member, thereby increasing the speed of the friction disk 52 from a uniform speed of the friction roll 51. The spring 54: causes the disk to exert a steady pressure on the roll, but allows the disk to adjust itself to the different positions of the driving roll. Moving the roll in the opposite direction gives a similar variable speed but turns the shaft 53 in the opposite di rection from a uniform rotation of the shaft 12.

hen the friction roll 51 is moved to the right, it compresses the spring 60, but the spring 59 is held by the bolts 21 and the washers 22. Then when the lever 19 is released, the spring forces the roll 51 back to its neutral position and out of contact with the friction disk 52. Similarly, when the roll is moved to the left, it compresses the spring 59, while the spring 60 is held by the bolts 23 and the washer 241. And when the lever 19 is again released, the spring 59 forces the roll to the neutral position. In the neutral position, both springs are held by their respective bolts and washers and neither is exerting pressure on the friction roll.

' The carrier plate 25 runs on a bearing 37 on thecasting 6. It is fastened to the filler plates 26 and to the carrier plate 27 by the bolts or rivets 28. Or the carrier plates and the filler plates can be made integral in a single casting. The carrier plates 25 and 27 carry two double gears 29 and 56 by means of the shafts 30 and 31. The upper rows'of teeth on the gears 29 and 56 meshwith the pinion '55 and with the annular gear 58 The lower rows of teeth 29 and 56 on these gears mesh with the annular gear 57. The constellation of gears thus forms two sets of planetary gears.

As the pinion 55 revolves, it drives the double gears 29 and 56; they turn their own shafts 30 and 31 and also turn about the central shaft 53 as they move around the internal gears 57 and 58. The annular gear 57 is held adjacent to theannular gear 58 by the tongue and groove 36, but the gear 58 may turn about its central shaft 53 while the gear 57 is stationary. The lugs 32 projecting from the gear 57 fit in the grooves 33 between-the ribs 34 on the base castings 1 and These lugs prevent the gear 57 from turning about its center, but allow it to tilt to an inclined position with reference to the base castings.

Nowif the annular gears 57 and 58 were alike and the upperandlower rows of teeth on the gears 29 and 56 were alike, no'motion would be transmitted to the annular gear 58 but it. would remain with. the annular gear57, stationary. But these gears are unlike. Suppose the gear 57 to have 78 teeth, the gear 58to have 80 teeth, the gears 29 and 56 to have 34 teeth in each row and the pinion 55 to have 12 teeth. The pinion 55 turns 7.5 times to move the double gears 29 and 56 once around the stationary annular gear 57. In going once around, these double gears mesh with 78 teeth in the gear 57. As they have the same number of teeth in upper and lower rows, they must necessarily mesh with 78 teeth in the annular gear 58. The gear 58, having 80 teeth, has therefore turned 2 teeth. To turn 80 teeth, or one revolution, the carrier plates must make 40 revolutions and the pinion 55 must make 7.5 times 10 or 300 revolutions. The annular gear 58 is fixed to the casting 6 and thus to the mast and boom by the threaded keys 64.

Suppose the motor running 1200 R. P. M. and the shaft 12 running 800 R. P. M. Suppose, further, that the small diameter of the friction roll 51 is to the large diameter of the friction disk 52 as 5 is to 28; and'that the large diameter of the friction roll is to the small driven diameter of the friction disk as 7 is to 4. Then the speed of the boom when the friction surfaces come first into contact is 800 times 5/28:3OO:0.4E7 6 R. P. M. And the speed of the boom with the friction roll in the extreme position is 800 times 7/4+300:t.67 R. P. M. It will be noted that the operator can start swinging slowly and gradually increase the speed to the maximum, and that he controls all moveand when the power is off, the doublegears 29 and 56 lock the annular gears 57 and 58 together and holds the gear'58 and the boom securely in a fixed position' Theismall tan gential force ofthe friction drive, working through the large gear ratio, exerts a powerful force to swing the boom. Ball thrust bearings 61, 62 and 63 may be provided to prevent rapid wear. 7

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent I 1. A machine comprising a base memher, an upper member mounted thereon, a boom, connecting means from the upper member to theboom adapted to support the boom, a positive drive connection between the two members adap-ted to turn the upanism in the said frictiondrive and a reversing mechanism in thesaid frictiondriva 2. A machine of the derrick type, eomprising a base member, an upper member mounted thereon, a framemounted upon the said upper member and forming a part thereof, a boom connected to the upper memher, a connection from the boom to the frame, a gear connection between the two members adapted to turn the upper member on the base member, a source of power, a power transmission from the said source of power to the said gear connection, a friction drive in the said power transmission, a variable speed mechanism in the said friction drive and a reversing mechanism in the said friction drive.

3. A machine comprising a base member, an upper member mounted thereon, a boom, connecting means from the upper member -to the boom adapted to support'the boom,

a gear connection between the two members adapted to turn the upper member on the base member, a set of differential planetary gears in the said gear connection, a source of power, a power transmission from the said source of power to the said gear con nection, a friction drive in the said power transmission, a variable speed mechanism in the said friction drive and a reversing mechanism in the said friction drive.

4. A machine comprising a fixed member, a rotatable member mounted thereon, a boom, connecting means supporting the boom from the rotatable member, a positive drive connection between the two members adapted to turn the rotatable member on the fixed member, a source of power mounted on the rotatable member, a power transmission mounted on the rotatable member from the said sou'rce of power to the said positive drive connection, a friction drive in the said power transmission, a variable speed mechanism in the said friction drive and a reversing mechanism in the said friction drive.

5. A machine of the derrick type comprising a base, a mast mounted thereon, means for holding the mast, a boom mounted on the said mast, a gear connection between the said mast and the base adapted to revolve the mast on the base, a source of power mounted on the said mast, a power transmission mounted on the said mast from the said source of power to the said gear connection, a friction drive in the said power transmission, a variable speed mechanism in the said friction drive and a reversing mechanism in the said friction drive.

6. A machine of the derrick type comprising a base member, an upper member mounted thereon, a boom connected to the said upper member and supported therefrom, a gear connection between the two members adapted to turn the upper member on the base member, a source of power, a power transmission from the said source of power to the said gear connection, a friction drive in the said power transmission, said friction drive comprising a drive roll of maximum diameter near its middle and tapering toward each end, a friction disk flaring and conforming generally to the shape of the drive roll, the drive roll neutrally positioned near the middle of the friction disk and non-contiguous thereto, its axis approximately at right angles to the axis of the friction disk, means for revolving the said drive roll, means for moving the said drive roll longitudinally on its axis thereby bringing one extremity or the other thereof into contact with the friction disk, thereby also changing the contact, increasing the driving radius of the drive roll as the driven radius of the friction disk diminishes and vice versa, and a spring adapted to press the said friction disk firmly against the said drive roll when the roll is removed from its neutral position.

7. A machine of the derrick type comprising a base member, an upper member mounted thereon, a boom, connecting means from the boom to the upper member adapted to support the boom from the upper member, a gear connection between the two members and adapted to rotate the upper membeer on the base member, a source of power, a power transmission from the said source of power to the said gear connection, a friction drive in the said .power transmission, said friction drive comprising a drive roll, said drive roll of greatest diameter near its middle and each half'thereof bell-shaped in general form, a driven disk, flaring, its cross-section conforming generally to the cross-section of the drive roll but a different curve therefrom, a spring adapted to exert pressure between the driven disk and the drive roll when the roll is removed from its neutral position, a shaft approximately at right angles to the axis of the driven disk, the drive roll mounted thereon and rigid therewith and in its neutral position intermediate the extremities of the driven disk and non-contiguous thereto, bearings, the said shaft mounted therein and adapted to slide longitudinally therein, a member mounted on said shaft and adapted to drive the same but the shaft having a slidable connection therewith as with a feather key, springs adapted to hold the said drive roll in its neutral position except as it is moved therefrom by an outside force, a lever, a universal joint between the said lever and the said shaft, whereby the lever may slide the shaft longitudinally, thereby bringing the drive roll into contact with the driven disk, thereby also changing the contact between the said drive roll and the driven disk increasing the driving radius of the drive roll as the driven radius of the said disk diminishes and vice versa.

8. A. machine of the derrick type comprising a base, a mast mounted thereon, a universal joint between the said mast and base, means for holding the said mast, a boom mounted on the said mast and supported therefrom, a gear connection between the said mast and base adapted to rotate the maston the base and a tiltable member in the said gear connection, a source of power, a power transmission from the said source of power to the said gear connection, a friction drive in the said power transmission, a variable speed mechanism in the said friction drive and a reversing mechanism in the said friction drive. r V r 9. A machine of the derricktype comprising a base, a'mast mounted thereon, a ball and socket joint between the said mast and base, means for holding the said mast,

a boom, connections between the said mast and boom, a gear train between the said mast and base adapted to rotate the mast upon the base and a tiltable connection in the said gear train, a sourceof power mounted on the said. mast, a power transmission mounted on the said mast, said power transmission from the said source of power to the said gear train, a friction drive in the said power transmission, a variable speed mechanism in the said friction drive and a a reversing mechanism in-the said friction drive. .7

10. A machine of the derrick type comprising a base member, thin downward projections therefrom and forming a part thereof, a rotatable member mounted on the said base member, a boom mounted on the said rotatable member and means for supporting the said'boom from the said rotatable memher, a source of power mounted on the said rotatable member, means forrotating the rotatable member upon the base member from the said source of power, automatic means for disconnecting the power except as it'is connected by an outside force, the said rotating means mounted on the rotatable projections therefrom and forming apart.

thereof, a rotatable member mounted on the said base member, a boom mounted on the said rotatable member and supported therefrom, a ball and socket joint betweenthe two members, a source of power mounted on the rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member upon the basemember from the said source of power, said means mounted on the rotatable member and comprising a friction' drive, a reversing mechanismand a positive gear connection between the two members.

, In testimony whereof, I havesigned my name to this specificationiin the presence of two subscribing witnesses this 15th day of March, A. D. 1918.

, JOHN W. KITTREDGE. .Witnesses: l V

H. D. STEVENS, THOMAS J. SMrrH. 

